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Related Concept Videos

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
Carbocations02:10

Carbocations

Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
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Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

Phenyl N-phenyl-carbamate.

Durre Shahwar, M Nawaz Tahir, M Sharif Mughal

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(13)H(11)NO(2). Key findings include the dihedral angle between aromatic rings and the stabilization of the crystal lattice through hydrogen bonds and pi-stacking interactions.

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    Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
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    Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

    Published on: October 3, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and designing new materials.
    • Intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds and pi-π interactions, play a significant role in stabilizing crystal structures.
    • The compound C(13)H(11)NO(2) represents a novel molecular architecture with potential applications in materials science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the precise crystal structure of the organic compound C(13)H(11)NO(2).
    • To investigate the nature and role of intermolecular interactions in stabilizing the crystal lattice.
    • To characterize the spatial arrangement of aromatic rings within the crystal structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic coordinates and unit cell parameters.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure included the measurement of dihedral angles between aromatic rings.
    • Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯O) and C-H⋯π interactions, were identified and analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(13)H(11)NO(2) was successfully determined, revealing a specific orientation of its constituent aromatic rings.
    • A dihedral angle of 42.52(12)° was measured between the aromatic rings.
    • The crystal lattice is significantly stabilized by one-dimensional polymeric chains formed through intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and supported by C-H⋯π interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(13)H(11)NO(2) is characterized by a distinct dihedral angle between aromatic rings.
    • Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are the primary stabilizing force, leading to the formation of infinite 1D polymer chains.
    • The presence of C-H⋯π interactions further contributes to the overall stability of the crystal packing, highlighting the interplay of non-covalent forces in this system.