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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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4-{2-[4-(Dimethyl-amino)phen-yl]ethyl-idene}benzonitrile.

Rodolfo Moreno-Fuquen, Richard Dvries, Jahyr Theodoro

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals that C(17)H(16)N(2) molecules form crystal structures linked by hydrogen bonds. The compound exhibits a near-planar conformation with a trans structure, confirmed by torsion angles.

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    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

    Published on: June 20, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular interactions and crystal packing is crucial in materials science.
    • Hydrogen bonds play a significant role in directing the self-assembly of organic molecules.
    • The conformational analysis of organic compounds provides insights into their physical and chemical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(17)H(16)N(2).
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.
    • To determine the molecular conformation and planarity of the compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional crystal structure.
    • Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks using graph-set motifs (R(2)(1)(6) and R(2)(2)(10)).
    • Calculation of dihedral and torsion angles to assess molecular planarity and conformation.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(17)H(16)N(2) was successfully determined.
    • Molecules are interconnected via C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming characteristic ring motifs.
    • The molecule displays a near-planar geometry with a small dihedral angle (0.6(1)°) between aromatic rings.
    • Torsion angle analysis confirmed a trans conformation.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal packing of C(17)H(16)N(2) is governed by specific C-H⋯N hydrogen bonding interactions.
    • The compound adopts a stable, near-planar trans conformation in the solid state.
    • The structural data provides a foundation for understanding the properties and potential applications of this compound.