Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
16:11
Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 8, 2022
Dichlorido(2,9-dimeth-oxy-1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')zinc(II)
Cao-Yuan Niu1, Hui Su, Lei Meng
1College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a zinc compound with a dimethoxy-phenanthroline ligand. The zinc center exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry, influenced by ligand and chloride coordination.
Area of Science:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Crystallography
- Coordination Chemistry
Background:
- 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives are versatile ligands in coordination chemistry.
- Understanding metal-ligand interactions is crucial for designing new materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, [ZnCl2(C14H12N2O2)].
- To analyze the coordination geometry and bonding characteristics of the zinc(II) center.
- To investigate the structural features of the 2,9-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and intermolecular interactions.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
- Analysis of bond distances, bond angles, and atomic deviations from mean planes.
Main Results:
- The Zn(II) center is four-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from the ligand and two chlorine atoms, adopting a distorted tetrahedral geometry.
- Zn-N bonds are shorter than Zn-Cl bonds, and specific bond angles indicate significant distortion from ideal tetrahedrality.
- The methoxy groups' oxygen and carbon atoms show minor deviations from the phenanthroline ring plane.
- Medium π-π stacking interactions were observed between parallel phenanthroline rings with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.7860(2) Å.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure reveals a distorted tetrahedral coordination around the zinc(II) ion.
- The ligand's steric and electronic properties influence the coordination geometry.
- Intermolecular π-π stacking interactions play a role in the crystal packing.
Related Concept Videos
02:57Coordination Number and Geometry
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
01:19Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
01:07Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria
Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
01:20Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
02:46Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
02:54Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...