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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three steps:...
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
12:02

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

(R,R)-Disynephrine ether bis-(hydrogen sulfate).

William Arbuckle, Alan R Kennedy, Catriona A Morrison

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a bis-(hydrogen sulfate) salt, revealing a unique ring motif formed by hydrogen bonds between the cation and anions. This arrangement creates a complex three-dimensional network within the crystal lattice.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the self-assembly of organic molecules is crucial for designing novel materials.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in stabilizing crystal structures and directing molecular organization.
    • The specific properties of bis-(hydrogen sulfate) salts are not extensively characterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of (R,R)-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-phen-yl)-N,N'-dimethyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diammonium bis-(hydrogen sulfate).
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, particularly hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.
    • To characterize the supramolecular architecture formed by the cation and anion components.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.

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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

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    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

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    Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

  • Analysis of bond lengths, angles, and non-covalent interactions was performed.
  • Symmetry operations and crystallographic data were utilized to describe the asymmetric unit and overall structure.

    • Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains one half-cation and one hydrogen sulfate anion.
    • The cation exhibits crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry around the central ether oxygen atom.
    • Hydrogen bonding interactions, including O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O bonds, form a ring motif and a three-dimensional network.
    • Disorder was observed in the hydrogen atom position of the anion.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure reveals a well-defined supramolecular assembly driven by hydrogen bonding.
    • The identified ring motif and 3D network highlight the importance of specific cation-anion interactions.
    • Further studies could explore the potential applications of this compound based on its structural features.