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Related Concept Videos

Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an alkylated β-keto acid.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

Stemofoline ethyl acetate solvate.

Pitchaya Mungkornasawakul, Stephen G Pyne, Alison T Ung

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers isolated a novel compound from Stemona aphylla roots, structurally similar to known stemofoline derivatives. This discovery contributes to understanding natural product chemistry and potential pharmaceutical applications.

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    Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

    Published on: August 12, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Natural Product Chemistry
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Pharmacognosy

    Background:

    • Stemona species are a source of alkaloids with diverse biological activities.
    • Stemofoline derivatives have shown potential in various therapeutic areas.
    • Characterization of new compounds from medicinal plants is crucial for drug discovery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize a novel compound from Stemona aphylla root extracts.
    • To elucidate the chemical structure of the isolated compound.
    • To compare the structure with known stemofoline derivatives.

    Main Methods:

    • Extraction of compounds from Stemona aphylla roots.
    • Isolation and purification using chromatographic techniques.
    • Structure elucidation using spectroscopic methods (e.g., NMR, Mass Spectrometry) and X-ray crystallography.

    Main Results:

    • Isolation of a new compound, C(22)H(29)NO(5)·C(4)H(8)O(2), as an ethyl acetate solvate.
    • The compound's systematic name is (2R,3R,5R,5aS,6R,8aR,9S)-(5Z)-5-[3-butyl-tetra-hydro-6-methyl-2,5-methano-4,3,8a-[1]propan-yl[3]yl-idene-furo[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-7(5H)-yl-idene]-4-meth-oxy-3-methyl-furan-2(5H)-one.
    • The crystal structure revealed close resemblance to known stemofoline derivatives.
    • Weak intermolecular interactions were observed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel stemofoline derivative was successfully isolated and characterized from Stemona aphylla.
    • The structural similarity suggests a common biosynthetic pathway or evolutionary relationship.
    • Further studies are warranted to explore the biological activities and potential applications of this new compound.