Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low-pressure superconducting properties and the regulation mechanism of the ternary hydride Li<sub>2</sub>PbH<sub>4</sub>.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Thermo-structural property differences in wheat varieties influencing microbial community succession and flavor compound biosynthesis in high-temperature Daqu.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026
Same author

New Eruption of Bullous Pemphigoid Within Disseminated Superficial Porokeratosis Lesions: A Rare Case Report.

The Australasian journal of dermatology·2026
Same author

Pathogen Identification and Treatment of <i>Trichoderma koningiopsis</i> ZL01 Mycosis in Firefly <i>Pygoluciola</i> sp. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae).

Insects·2025
Same author

Integrated analysis of time- and concentration-dependent metabolomics unravel metabolic changes in raw beef preserved using bacteriocin XJS01.

Food chemistry: X·2025
Same author

The Differential Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound Radiomics in TI-RADS 4a Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms.

Ultrasonic imaging·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

N'-(3,4-Dimethoxy-benzyl-idene)acetohydrazide.

Lu-Ping Lv, Tie-Ming Yu, Wen-Bo Yu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(11)H(14)N(2)O(3) molecule, revealing its planar acetohydrazide group and trans configuration. Molecular interactions in the crystal lattice are primarily driven by hydrogen bonding, forming a 3D network.

    More Related Videos

    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
    09:45

    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

    Published on: April 27, 2017

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
    08:43

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

    Published on: January 19, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
    11:01

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
    09:45

    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

    Published on: April 27, 2017

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
    08:43

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

    Published on: January 19, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular geometry and intermolecular forces is crucial in chemical research.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into material properties and reactivity.
    • The C(11)H(14)N(2)O(3) molecule's specific functional groups suggest potential applications in various chemical fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed crystal structure of the C(11)H(14)N(2)O(3) molecule.
    • To analyze the planarity and dihedral angles of key functional groups within the molecule.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, that govern the crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Geometric parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles were precisely measured.
    • Analysis of intermolecular interactions, including N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The acetohydrazide group was found to be planar, with a dihedral angle of 19.7° relative to the benzene ring.
    • One methoxy group was coplanar with the benzene ring, while the other exhibited a slight twist.
    • The molecule adopts a trans configuration around the C=N bond, and a 3D network is formed via hydrogen bonding.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a comprehensive structural characterization of the C(11)H(14)N(2)O(3) molecule.
    • The observed planarity and dihedral angles offer insights into the molecule's electronic distribution and potential reactivity.
    • The identified hydrogen bonding network highlights the importance of intermolecular forces in dictating the solid-state architecture.