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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienophiles01:24

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienophiles

In a Diels–Alder reaction, the diene is usually an electron-rich system and acts as a nucleophile, whereas the dienophile is electron-deficient and functions as an electrophile. Much like the diene, the nature of the dienophile significantly impacts the outcome of the reaction.
Characteristics of Dienophiles
Generally, the best dienophiles are alkenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents such as carbonyl, nitrile, and nitro groups. The feasibility of a Diels–Alder reaction depends on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Dilead(II) hydrogen-phosphite dinitrate.

Rachid Ouarsal, Mohammed Lachkar, Michal Dušek

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers investigated the crystal structure of lead hydrogen phosphate nitrate. This study reveals a novel three-dimensional network formed by lead, phosphate, and nitrate units, offering insights into inorganic material synthesis.

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    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

    Published on: November 22, 2016

    The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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    The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

    Published on: April 10, 2015

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    Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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    Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

    Published on: March 20, 2014

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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    Published on: November 22, 2016

    The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
    10:51

    The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

    Published on: April 10, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Lead compounds exhibit diverse structural motifs.
    • Hydrogen phosphate and nitrate anions are common ligands in coordination chemistry.
    • Understanding the assembly of inorganic networks is crucial for developing new materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of Pb(2)(HPO(3))(NO(3))(2).
    • To characterize the coordination environments of lead ions and the arrangement of anions.
    • To identify the connectivity and network topology in the title compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement.
    • Coordination polyhedra and network structures were analyzed.
    • Symmetry analysis of the constituent ions and polyhedra was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure features two distinct Pb(2+) ions, each coordinated by ten oxygen atoms forming irregular polyhedra.
    • Two unique nitrate groups and one hydrogen phosphate anion link the lead ions.
    • A robust three-dimensional network is formed through the connectivity of PbO(10), NO(3), and HPO(3) units.

    Conclusions:

    • The compound Pb(2)(HPO(3))(NO(3))(2) forms an intricate three-dimensional framework.
    • The specific coordination of lead and the arrangement of anions dictate the overall network architecture.
    • This structural insight contributes to the understanding of lead-based inorganic materials.