Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Eye on AKI - Are shifting trends the cue for a platform clinical trial?

Journal of critical care·2026
Same author

Skin-adverse drug reactions in the elderly: An underestimated and avoidable issue.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie·2025
Same author

Mammary and extramammary diffuse dermal angiomatosis: a case series and review of the literature.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie·2025
Same author

Higher versus lower mean arterial blood pressure after cardiac arrest and resuscitation (MAP-CARE): A protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2025
Same author

Fever management with or without a temperature control device after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation (TEMP-CARE): A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2025
Same author

Sedation, temperature and pressure after cardiac arrest and resuscitation-The STEPCARE trial: A statistical analysis plan.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

3,3',5,5'-Tetra-nitro-biphen-yl.

N Hammond, P Carvalho, Y Wu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study synthesized a novel biphenyl compound as a building block for anti-malarial drug development. Structural analysis revealed unique distortions and intermolecular contacts influencing its chemical properties.

    More Related Videos

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
    19:58

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
    08:46

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

    Published on: November 22, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
    06:34

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

    Published on: June 20, 2014

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
    19:58

    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
    08:46

    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

    Published on: November 22, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Medicinal Chemistry

    Background:

    • Development of new anti-malarial compounds is crucial due to widespread drug resistance.
    • Biphenyl systems offer versatile scaffolds for designing novel therapeutic agents.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize a novel biphenyl derivative as a precursor for anti-malarial drug discovery.
    • To characterize the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the synthesized compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of the target biphenyl compound (C(12)H(6)N(4)O(8)).
    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond angles, torsion angles, and intermolecular contacts (O⋯O, O⋯C).

    Main Results:

    • The biphenyl system exhibited a dihedral angle of 45.5° between aromatic rings.
    • Intermolecular O⋯O contacts formed a chain, inducing ring distortion with specific nitro group torsion angles (23.4° and 9.6°).
    • Unusually short intermolecular O⋯O (3.038 Å) and O⋯C (3.000 Å, 3.214 Å) contacts were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The synthesized biphenyl compound possesses unique structural features and intermolecular interactions.
    • These structural characteristics may be beneficial for its intended use as an anti-malarial precursor.
    • Further investigation into the anti-malarial activity of derivatives is warranted.