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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Bis(3-nitro-anilinium) sulfate.

Lingling Feng1, Yubang Hou, Xuejian Yong

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel salt, highlighting specific atomic arrangements on a mirror plane. Hydrogen bonding interactions were identified as key to the compound's crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Understanding the crystal structure of salts is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
  • Salts composed of organic cations and inorganic anions offer diverse structural possibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title salt, 2C(6)H(7)N(2)O(2) (+)·SO(4) (2-).
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, that govern the crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement.
  • Analysis of crystallographic data to identify symmetry elements and hydrogen bonding networks.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure revealed that non-hydrogen atoms of the cation and specific atoms of the sulfate anion lie on a crystallographic mirror plane.
  • N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as significant in stabilizing the crystal lattice.

Conclusions:

  • The specific arrangement of atoms on the mirror plane contributes to the overall symmetry and packing efficiency.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a critical role in the self-assembly and stability of the salt's crystal structure.