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Related Concept Videos

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry01:28

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry

The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes01:29

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes

The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...

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4,4'-(Hexane-1,6-diyldi-oxy)dianiline.

Muhammad Saif Ullah Khan, Zareen Akhter, Michael Bolte

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
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    This study details the molecular structure of a C(18)H(24)N(2)O(2) compound, revealing specific chain conformations and hydrogen bonding in its crystal packing. These findings contribute to understanding molecular arrangements in solid-state chemistry.

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    Published on: January 21, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Molecular Chemistry
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the precise three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and interactions.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides fundamental insights into molecular conformation and intermolecular forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the complete molecular structure of the title compound, C(18)H(24)N(2)O(2).
    • To characterize the conformational preferences of specific alkyl chains within the molecule.
    • To identify and describe the intermolecular interactions stabilizing the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure.
    • Analysis of torsion angles was performed to assess chain conformations.
    • Identification of hydrogen bonding networks was conducted based on crystallographic data.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule's complete structure was determined, with symmetry generated by a crystallographic inversion centre.
    • The hexa-methyl-ene chain adopts an anti-periplanar conformation.
    • The O-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH(2) unit exhibits a gauche conformation.
    • Crystal packing is significantly stabilized by N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the C(18)H(24)N(2)O(2) compound.
    • The observed conformations and hydrogen bonding patterns offer insights into the molecule's solid-state behavior.
    • This structural data serves as a foundation for further investigations into related chemical systems.