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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

Autistic features in children with mental retardation.

N Kar1, R Khanna, G C Kar

  • 1NILAMADHAB KAR, M.D., D.P.M., D.N.B. (Psych)., Senior Resident (Formerly), Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A structured tool effectively identified autistic disorder in children with mental retardation. This method diagnosed autism in 9.6% of cases, significantly more than clinical assessment alone.

Keywords:
Autismmental retardation

More Related Videos

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Child psychiatry
  • Developmental disabilities

Background:

  • Autistic disorder often co-occurs with intellectual disability.
  • Mentally retarded individuals frequently display autistic symptoms.
  • Accurate diagnosis of autism in this population is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autistic features in children with mental retardation.
  • To assess the influence of age, sex, and intellectual disability level on autistic symptoms.
  • To compare diagnostic efficacy of a structured instrument versus clinical assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale for autistic feature assessment.
  • Compared children from a child psychiatric unit with those in a special school.
  • Analyzed data for age, sex, and intellectual disability level effects.

Main Results:

  • The structured instrument identified autism in 9.6% of mentally retarded children, versus 1.9% clinically.
  • Higher autistic symptom scores were observed in males from the psychiatric unit.
  • Social and language impairments were reliably identified.
  • Severe/profound intellectual disability was associated with higher autism diagnosis rates.

Conclusions:

  • A structured instrument significantly enhances the detection of autistic disorder in children with mental retardation.
  • The Ritvo-Freeman scale is effective for identifying autistic syndrome in this population.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate intervention.