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Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Randomised clinical trial: a 'nudge' strategy to modify endoscopic sedation practice.

G C Harewood¹, K Clancy, J Engela

¹Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. harewood.gavin@gmail.com

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

|May 19, 2011

Summary

Prefilling syringes with midazolam in different sizes influenced endoscopic sedation. Larger 5mL syringes led to higher midazolam doses, demonstrating a successful nudge strategy in sedation practice.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Behavioral Economics
Medical Practice Optimization
Sedation Management

Background:

Behavioral economics defines a 'nudge' as a choice architecture modification to influence behavior without restricting options.
Nudges are increasingly explored for their potential to optimize medical practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of a 'nudge' strategy on endoscopic sedation.
The strategy involved prefilling midazolam syringes in either 3mL or 5mL volumes.

Main Methods:

A consecutive series of patients undergoing endoscopic sedation (EGD or colonoscopy) were enrolled.
Midazolam was prefilled into either 3mL or 5mL syringes on alternate weeks.
Endoscopists administered sedation at their discretion, aiming for moderate conscious sedation.

Main Results:

Patients receiving 5mL prefilled syringes used significantly higher average midazolam doses for both EGD (5.2mg vs. 3.3mg) and colonoscopy (5.1mg vs. 3.3mg).
No significant difference in meperidine dosage was observed between groups.
No adverse sedation-related events or need for reversal occurred.

Conclusions:

'Nudge' strategies, like prefilled syringe size, can effectively modify endoscopic sedation practices.
Further research is warranted to explore nudges in other areas of endoscopic procedures.