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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 30, 2026

Using FMRI to test models of complex cognition.

John R Anderson¹, Cameron S Carter, Jon M Fincham

¹Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon UniversityDepartments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of California at DavisPsychology Department, Michigan State University.

Cognitive Science

|May 19, 2011

Summary

This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test cognitive models by linking task components to brain regions. It demonstrates how fMRI data can refine theories of complex problem-solving and cognitive architecture.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 30, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Published on: July 6, 2011

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2012

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Cognitive models offer theoretical frameworks for complex tasks.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures brain activity via the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate fMRI's utility in validating components of cognitive models.
To align computational models with neuroimaging data for theory development.

Main Methods:

Developed an event-locked procedure to synchronize model simulations with fMRI data.
Applied statistical methods to account for BOLD signal measurement errors.
Utilized a "sacrificial" ACT-R model mapped to specific brain regions.

Main Results:

The model successfully predicted BOLD responses in the fusiform gyrus (visual encoding), lateral inferior prefrontal cortex (retrieval), and anterior cingulate cortex (subgoal setting).
The model failed to predict activity in the motor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and caudate nucleus for other components.
Partial successes and failures highlight areas for model and theory refinement.

Conclusions:

fMRI data can effectively constrain and guide the development of cognitive models.
This approach advances the integration of computational and neuroscientific theories of cognition.
The findings underscore the power of neuroimaging in theory-driven cognitive science research.