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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Application of Integration: Problem Solving01:30

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

The process of breathing involves the periodic intake and expulsion of air, known as the respiratory cycle, which typically lasts about five seconds. Modeling the volume of air inhaled into the lungs as a function of time provides insight into both the dynamics and efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. This volume is determined by integrating the airflow rate over time, which captures the cumulative effect of air entering the lungs.Sinusoidal Model of AirflowAirflow during respiration is not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Phase-Resolved Functional Lung MRI for Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion (V/Q) Assessment
05:56

Phase-Resolved Functional Lung MRI for Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion (V/Q) Assessment

Published on: August 9, 2024

CFD and ventilation research.

Y Li1, P V Nielsen

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China. liyg@hku.hk

Indoor Air
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is vital for building ventilation research, aiding complex air distribution. Combining CFD with experiments and theory is key for accurate indoor air science and ventilation studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Indoor air science
  • Building ventilation
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Background:

  • Scientific literature on CFD applications in ventilation and indoor air science has rapidly expanded.
  • Advances in computer hardware have made CFD integral to research and development of building ventilation systems.
  • CFD has become a crucial tool for analyzing complex air distribution and ventilation systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and applications of CFD in building ventilation research.
  • To highlight the importance of verification and validation for CFD in ventilation studies.
  • To discuss the evolving role of CFD in advancing indoor air science.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on CFD in ventilation and indoor air science.
  • Discussion of challenges in turbulence modeling, numerical approximation, and boundary conditions for CFD.
  • Emphasis on the need for verification and validation of CFD models.

Main Results:

  • CFD faces challenges in turbulence modeling, numerical approximation, and boundary conditions for building ventilation.
  • There is a growing need for verification and validation of CFD simulations.
  • CFD is increasingly capable of opening new research areas in ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • An effective approach to ventilation studies combines experiments, theory, and CFD.
  • CFD verification and validation are crucial for solving complex ventilation problems.
  • CFD is expected to address city-scale ventilation challenges within the next decade.