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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...

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Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
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An image quality comparison study between XVI and OBI CBCT systems.

Srijit Kamath1, William Song, Alexei Chvetsov

  • 1Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510-3202, USA. Srijit.kamath@ynhh.org

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study compared Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) image quality between the X-ray Volumetric Imager (XVI) and On-Board Imager (OBI) systems. OBI demonstrated superior low-contrast resolution, while XVI showed slightly lower noise levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Imaging
  • Diagnostic Technology

Background:

  • Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is crucial in modern medical imaging.
  • Comparing image quality between different CBCT systems is essential for clinical application.
  • X-ray Volumetric Imager (XVI) and On-Board Imager (OBI) are widely used CBCT systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the image quality characteristics of XVI and OBI CBCT systems.
  • To assess parameters including pixel value stability, noise, CNR, and resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a CATPHAN phantom to measure image quality parameters.
  • Evaluated XVI across four protocols as a function of mAs.
  • Assessed OBI in full-fan and half-fan modes with varying filters and mAs.

Main Results:

  • XVI pixel values decreased with increasing mAs; OBI values remained stable.
  • XVI exhibited slightly lower noise and increased CNR with mAs; OBI also showed increased CNR.
  • OBI displayed significantly better low-contrast resolution (detecting 6 and 5 discs of 1% and 0.5% contrast, respectively) compared to XVI.

Conclusions:

  • Image quality parameters for XVI and OBI were quantified and compared under clinical protocols.
  • OBI offers superior low-contrast detectability, a critical factor for certain diagnostic tasks.
  • Consideration of these findings alongside dose-mAs relationships is recommended for system selection.