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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

A ramsayite-type oxide, Ca(2)Sn(2)Al(2)O(9).

Hisanori Yamane, Shunsuke Abe, Rong Tu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dicalcium nonaoxidodistannate(IV)dialuminate, a novel compound, exhibits a unique pyroxene silicate structure. This discovery expands our understanding of inorganic crystal structures and coordination chemistry.

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • The ramsayite structure (Na(2)Ti(2)Si(2)O(9)) is a rare crystal structure type.
    • Isotypic compounds share the same crystal structure, indicating similar bonding and atomic arrangements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a new compound, dicalcium nonaoxidodistannate(IV)dialuminate.
    • To investigate its crystallographic properties and structural relationships to known compounds.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of atomic arrangements and coordination environments.

    Main Results:

    • Dicalcium nonaoxidodistannate(IV)dialuminate crystallizes in the isotypic structure of ramsayite.

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    Exfoliation of Egyptian Blue and Han Blue, Two Alkali Earth Copper Silicate-based Pigments
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    Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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  • The structure features infinite (∞)(1)[Sn(2)O(8)] and pyroxene-type (∞)(1)[Al(2)O(6)] chains along the b axis.
  • Calcium atoms are located in the channels with a coordination number of 7.

    • Conclusions:

    • This is the second known compound to adopt the ramsayite structure.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of tin-aluminum-oxygen compounds and their structural diversity.