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Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

N-[4-Cyano-3-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]-2-eth-oxy-benzamide.

S Naveen, Basappa, H R Manjunath

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The crystal structure of a trifluoromethyl-substituted organic compound reveals nearly planar aromatic rings and specific intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular interactions, including C-H⋯N and C-H⋯F bonds, further dictate its solid-state arrangement.

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    Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
    08:46

    Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

    Published on: July 26, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
    • Aromatic ring planarity and intermolecular interactions significantly influence crystal packing and material behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed crystal structure of the title compound, C(17)H(13)F(3)N(2)O(2).
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including aromatic ring orientation and ethoxy group conformation.
    • To identify and characterize intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional molecular structure.
    • Crystallographic analysis was performed to measure bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles.
    • Hydrogen bond analysis was conducted to identify and quantify specific non-covalent interactions.

    Main Results:

    • The two aromatic rings within the molecule exhibit near-planarity, with a small dihedral angle of 2.78(12)°.
    • The ethoxy group is also found to be coplanar with its attached aromatic ring.
    • An intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond was identified, along with intermolecular C-H⋯N and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds linking the molecules in the crystal structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The title compound possesses a well-defined molecular geometry with significant planarity in its aromatic systems.
    • Intramolecular hydrogen bonding contributes to the molecule's conformation.
    • Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a key role in the observed crystal packing, influencing the overall solid-state architecture.