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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

2,4-Dichloro-7,8-dimethyl-quinoline.

R Subashini, F Nawaz Khan, T Rajashekar Reddy

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Two independent molecules of C(11)H(9)Cl(2)N were found in the crystal structure. These molecules exhibit near-planar geometry and are linked by weak π-π stacking interactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Solid-state chemistry

    Background:

    • The study investigates the crystal structure of a specific organic compound, C(11)H(9)Cl(2)N.
    • Understanding molecular arrangements in the solid state is crucial for predicting material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the crystal structure of C(11)H(9)Cl(2)N.
    • To analyze the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to obtain the crystallographic data.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure involved assessing molecular planarity and identifying intermolecular forces.

    Main Results:

    • Two independent molecules of C(11)H(9)Cl(2)N were identified in the asymmetric unit.

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  • Both molecules displayed essentially planar conformations, with minor deviations from planarity.
  • Weak π-π stacking interactions were observed between pairs of molecules, with specific centroid-centroid distances reported.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(11)H(9)Cl(2)N is characterized by the presence of two independent, near-planar molecules.
    • Intermolecular interactions, specifically π-π stacking, play a role in organizing these molecules within the crystal lattice.