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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction01:28

Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction

A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic acyl substitution.

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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

Published on: September 27, 2024

(2-Chloro-8-methyl-quinolin-3-yl)methanol.

S Mohana Roopan, F Nawaz Khan, Rajesh Kumar

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the near-planar crystal structure of C(11)H(10)ClNO. Molecular interactions include hydrogen bonds forming chains and pi-stacking, crucial for understanding its solid-state properties.

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    Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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    Published on: February 15, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Molecular structure analysis

    Background:

    • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic compounds is essential for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
    • Intermolecular forces play a critical role in crystal packing and stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(10)ClNO.
    • To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and non-covalent interactions was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule C(11)H(10)ClNO exhibits a nearly planar conformation with a low root-mean-square deviation.
    • O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into C(2) chains along the [010] direction.
    • C-H⋯π and aromatic π-π stacking interactions (3.661 Å centroid-centroid distance) further stabilize the crystal lattice.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(11)H(10)ClNO is characterized by a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.
    • The observed planar geometry and specific intermolecular forces dictate the compound's solid-state arrangement.