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Alkyl Halides

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

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Published on: September 12, 2018

4-Acetyl-pyridinium iodide.

Jie Xu¹, Xue-Qun Fu

¹Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 19, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of a novel compound was analyzed. Hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interactions were identified as key stabilizing forces within the molecular structure.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Chemical Physics

Background:

Understanding the intermolecular forces that govern crystal packing is crucial in materials science.
The specific interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking, dictate the physical and chemical properties of crystalline solids.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the structural characteristics of the title compound, C(7)H(8)NO(+)·I(-).
To identify and analyze the non-covalent interactions responsible for stabilizing the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of the crystal structure involved identifying hydrogen bonds and calculating distances between aromatic ring centroids for pi-pi stacking.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(7)H(8)NO(+)·I(-) was successfully determined.
N-H⋯I hydrogen bonds were observed, contributing to the structural integrity.
π-π stacking interactions between aromatic rings were quantified, with a centroid-centroid distance of 5.578(4) Å.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of N-H⋯I hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking.
These intermolecular forces play a significant role in the self-assembly and stability of the title compound.