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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.

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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

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Published on: November 23, 2016

N-Methyl-N-(2-methyl-phen-yl)acetamide.

Zhang-Wei Yan¹, Yu-Hao Li, Qi Xiao

¹Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 19, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(10)H(13)NO. Analysis reveals specific molecular arrangements and intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, influencing its crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties.
Crystal structure analysis provides fundamental insights into molecular interactions and solid-state behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(13)NO.
To investigate the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular contacts (hydrogen bonds) was performed.

Main Results:

The nitrogen atom and methyl group exhibit near-coplanarity with the benzene ring.
Intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds establish a three-dimensional network in the crystal structure.
Molecules are observed to stack parallel to the b-axis.

Conclusions:

The determined crystal structure provides a detailed molecular-level understanding of C(10)H(13)NO.
The observed hydrogen bonding network and molecular stacking are key features of its solid-state organization.