Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
Published on: August 22, 2018
2-Amino-4-methyl-pyridinium 3-carb-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzene-sulfonate monohydrate
Madhukar Hemamalini1, Hoong-Kun Fun
1X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
Abstract:
In the crystal structure of the title salt, C(6)H(9)N(2) (+)·C(7)H(5)O(6)S(-)·H(2)O, the water mol-ecule acts as an acceptor of bifurcated N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds from the pyridinium H atom and one H atom of the 2-amino group, forming an R(2) (1)(6) ring. The 3-carb-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzene-sulfonate anions self-assemble via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to supra-molecular chains along the a axis. These chains and R(2) (1)(6) motifs are linked via O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to the ac plane. There is also an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond in the 3-carb-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzene-sulfonate anion, generating an S(6) ring motif.
Related Concept Videos
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Crown Ethers
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
