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Related Concept Videos

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.

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Related Experiment Video

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

17-Acet-oxy-mulinic acid.

Iván Brito, Jorge Bórquez, Joselyn Albanez

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a dodeca-hydro-cyclo-hepta-[e]indene derivative, highlighting molecular conformations and hydrogen bonding. Differences in acet-oxy-methyl fragment disorder were observed compared to a related compound.

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    Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus
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    Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus

    Published on: December 5, 2016

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    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

    Published on: May 27, 2014

    Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus
    08:41

    Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus

    Published on: December 5, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Structural Chemistry

    Background:

    • The title compound, 5a-acet-oxy-methyl-3-isopropyl-8-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,10,10a,10b-dodeca-hydro-7,10-endo-epidi-oxy-cyclo-hepta-[e]indene-3a-carboxylic acid (I), is structurally similar to a previously reported methyl ester derivative (II).
    • Understanding the structural nuances and intermolecular interactions of such polycyclic compounds is crucial for predicting their chemical behavior and potential applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular conformation of compound (I).
    • To compare the structural features, particularly the presence of disorder and hydrogen bonding capabilities, with the related compound (II).

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystal structure of compound (I).
    • Analysis of the crystal structure included identification of molecular conformation, hydrogen bonding patterns (intra- and intermolecular), and assessment of molecular disorder.

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit of compound (I) contains two molecules linked by intramolecular hydrogen bonds (R(2)(2)(8)).
    • Both compounds (I) and (II) exhibit similar three-ring conformations: envelope (five-membered), chair (six-membered), and boat (seven-membered).
    • Compound (I) displays disorder in the acet-oxy-methyl fragments, which is absent in compound (II), and intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of compound (I) reveals specific conformational preferences and hydrogen bonding interactions.
    • The observed disorder in compound (I) represents a key structural difference compared to compound (II), potentially influencing their physical and chemical properties.
    • The study provides detailed structural insights into this class of complex organic molecules.