Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Novel 3D Microflow Support for the Immobilization of Phospholipase D and Efficient Biphasic Transphosphatidylation.

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Predicting disease progression in cirrhotic patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation: A sex-stratified analysis.

World journal of gastroenterology·2023
Same author

Assembly of highly efficient overall CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O electrolysis cell with the matchup of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and water oxidation catalyst.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2023
Same author

A Novel Manner of Anchoring Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Edge-Defected Carbon for Highly Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2023
Same author

Metabolic changes of Neurospora crassa in the presence of oleic acid for promoting lycopene production.

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering·2021
Same author

Consumption of Interesterified Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols Improves Lipid Metabolism and Reduces Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles
10:09

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Published on: July 2, 2019

Poly[[μ(10)-2,3-bis(carboxymethyl)butanedioato]disodium].

Jiang Wu1, Hong-Lin Zhu

  • 1State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Center of Applied Solid State Chemistry Research, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a sodium compound featuring a 2,3-bis(carboxymethyl)butanedioate (H(2)BTC(2-)) ligand. The research reveals a three-dimensional framework built from interconnected sodium-oxygen octahedra and the bridging ligand.

More Related Videos

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons
09:04

Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons

Published on: September 14, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles
10:09

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Published on: July 2, 2019

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons
09:04

Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons

Published on: September 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Engineering
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding metal-organic frameworks is crucial for materials science.
  • Sodium compounds with organic ligands offer diverse structural possibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the sodium 2,3-bis(carboxymethyl)butanedioate compound.
  • To characterize the coordination environment of sodium ions and the bridging modes of the ligand.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the compound's structure.
  • Analysis of coordination polyhedra and intermolecular interactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains one Na(+) ion and half of a 2,3-bis(carboxymethyl)butanedioate (H(2)BTC(2-)) dianion.
  • Sodium ions are coordinated by six oxygen atoms, forming NaO(6) octahedra.
  • A three-dimensional framework is constructed through edge-sharing of octahedra and bridging by the H(2)BTC(2-) ligand.

Conclusions:

  • The compound forms an extended three-dimensional framework structure.
  • The μ(10)-bridging mode of the dianion and hydrogen bonding contribute to structural stability.