Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Favipiravir Is Associated With Reduced 28-Day Mortality in Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Journal of medical virology·2026
Same author

Atomic-Scale Full-Size Engineering of Platinum Nanozymes Enables High-Efficiency Catalytic Therapy.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Mediator subunit MED4 enforces metastatic dormancy in breast cancer.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Aneuploidy sensitizes cells to SREBP-pathway inhibition in squamous cell carcinoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Beyond acrylamide: a structure-guided investigation of covalent warheads in the development of CDK7 inhibitors.

RSC medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Erratum: [Corrigendum] Silencing glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 suppresses the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma <i>in vitro</i>.

Oncology letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

2-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-2H-indazole.

Xingqin Zhou1, Xiaofen Qin, Jiankang Zhang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A novel indazole compound, C(14)H(12)N(2), was synthesized using 4-methyl-N-(2-nitro-benz-yl)aniline and tin(II) chloride dihydrate. Structural analysis revealed a nearly planar indazole core with a distinct p-tolyl substituent orientation.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Indazole derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds with diverse biological activities.
  • Understanding the structural properties of novel indazole compounds is crucial for further development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a new indazole compound with the chemical formula C(14)H(12)N(2).
  • To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular geometry of the synthesized compound.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the title compound via the reaction of 4-methyl-N-(2-nitro-benz-yl)aniline with tin(II) chloride dihydrate in ethanol.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.

Main Results:

  • The successful synthesis of the target indazole compound C(14)H(12)N(2) was confirmed.
  • The crystal structure analysis indicated an almost planar indazole ring system.
  • A significant dihedral angle of 46.26° was observed between the indazole core and the p-tolyl substituent.

Conclusions:

  • A new C(14)H(12)N(2) indazole derivative was synthesized and structurally characterized.
  • The study provides insights into the molecular conformation of substituted indazoles.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in indazole chemistry.