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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

o-Benzoquinone dioxime.

Giuliana Gervasio1, Domenica Marabello, Federica Bertolotti

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M.,University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a new compound, C(6)H(6)N(2)O(2), from benzofuroxan metabolism studies. This molecule features an amphi configuration with unique intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Benzofuroxan metabolism is not fully understood.
  • Investigating the metabolic products of benzofuroxan can reveal novel chemical structures and reactions.
  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in chemical and biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the structure and properties of a compound formed during benzofuroxan metabolism.
  • To elucidate the hydrogen bonding network within the title compound.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro metabolism study of benzofuroxan.
  • Chemical synthesis and isolation of the product.
  • X-ray crystallography to determine molecular structure and hydrogen bonding.

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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

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Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays
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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

Main Results:

  • The title compound, C(6)H(6)N(2)O(2), was successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • The molecule possesses an amphi configuration of its oxime groups (C=N-OH).
  • A strong intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond was observed, alongside inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds forming zigzag chains.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified and characterized a novel metabolite of benzofuroxan.
  • The observed hydrogen bonding patterns provide insights into the molecule's stability and self-assembly.
  • This work contributes to the understanding of benzofuroxan metabolism and oxime chemistry.