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Related Concept Videos

Urea Cycle01:23

Urea Cycle

The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Mechanism01:26

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Mechanism

The Hofmann and Curtius rearrangement reactions can be applied to synthesize primary amines from carboxylic acid derivatives such as amides and acyl azides. In the Hofmann rearrangement, a primary amide undergoes deprotonation in the presence of a base, followed by halogenation to generate an N-haloamide. A second proton abstraction produces a stabilized anionic species, which rearranges to an isocyanate intermediate via an alkyl group migration from the carbonyl carbon to the neighboring...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...

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Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
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Cinnamoyl-thio-urea.

Ibrahim N Hassan1, Bohari M Yamin, Mohammad B Kassim

  • 1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of 1-(3-phenyl-prop-2-eno-yl)thio-urea, revealing its E configuration and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. Molecular sheets are formed via inter-molecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal lattice.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Thio-urea derivatives are important in medicinal chemistry and materials science.
  • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of 1-(3-phenyl-prop-2-eno-yl)thio-urea.
  • To investigate the intra- and inter-molecular interactions within the crystal.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
  • The crystal structure was solved and refined.

Main Results:

  • The compound exhibits an E configuration for the but-2-enoyl-thio-urea fragment and the phenyl ring.
  • A planar thio-urea fragment forms a small dihedral angle with the phenyl ring.
  • Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form an S(6) ring.
  • Inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link molecules into sheets parallel to the (100) plane.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing is dominated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns.
  • The structural data provides insights into the chemical behavior and potential applications of this thio-urea derivative.