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Published on: February 5, 2018
4-Bromo-methyl-6-meth-oxy-2H-chromen-2-one
Summary
This study reveals that a specific coumarin derivative, C(11)H(9)BrO(3), maintains its crystal structure through subtle C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These weak interactions are key to the molecule's stability.
Area of Science:
- Crystal engineering
- Organic chemistry
- Supramolecular chemistry
Background:
- Coumarin derivatives are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and materials science.
- Understanding the intermolecular forces governing crystal packing is crucial for designing new materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the structural characteristics and stabilization mechanisms of the coumarin derivative C(11)H(9)BrO(3).
- To identify the role of non-covalent interactions in the solid-state structure.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular structure.
- Analysis of intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, was performed.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure of C(11)H(9)BrO(3) was successfully determined.
- Weak intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary stabilizing forces in the crystal lattice.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure of this coumarin derivative is significantly influenced by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
- These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in coumarin-based compounds.
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Halogenation of Alkenes
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula
The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Alkyl Halides
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction
A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic acyl substitution.
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