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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination01:27

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

2-(5-Bromo-2-methyl-phen-yl)propan-2-ol.

Hui Zeng, Xin-Lin Liu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals that the compound C(10)H(13)BrO forms crystal structures with four similar molecules. These molecules are linked into stable tetra-mers through intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Physics

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in chemical physics.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the crystal structure of the title compound C(10)H(13)BrO.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains four independent molecules of C(10)H(13)BrO with similar geometries.
    • Intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary stabilizing force.

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    Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
    06:54

    Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

    Published on: February 10, 2023

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    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
    08:12

    A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

    Published on: August 16, 2018

    Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
    06:54

    Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

    Published on: February 10, 2023

  • These hydrogen bonds organize the molecules into distinct tetra-meric units within the crystal lattice.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(10)H(13)BrO is characterized by a unique arrangement of four independent molecules.
    • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly and stability of the crystal structure, forming tetra-mers.