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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process01:27

Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process

The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene hydroperoxide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

1,2-Bis(4-methyl-phen-oxy)ethane.

Lu-Lu Wang, Wen-Ge Yang, Jing Zhu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(16)H(18)O(2) compound, revealing near-orthogonal aromatic rings and specific intermolecular interactions. The molecule displays twofold symmetry, offering insights into its solid-state arrangement.

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    Published on: June 21, 2017

    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

    Published on: October 30, 2018

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    A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
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    Published on: August 16, 2018

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

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    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
    06:52

    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

    Published on: October 30, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Aromatic compounds, with their delocalized electron systems, exhibit unique structural and electronic behaviors.
    • Intermolecular interactions, such as C-H⋯π contacts, play a significant role in crystal packing and molecular assembly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(16)H(18)O(2).
    • To analyze the spatial orientation of the aromatic rings within the molecule.
    • To identify and characterize any significant intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings was precisely measured.
    • Analysis of intermolecular contacts, including C-H⋯π interactions, was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(16)H(18)O(2) was successfully determined.
    • The two aromatic rings were found to be nearly orthogonal, with a dihedral angle of 89.41(2)°.
    • A C-H⋯π contact was identified between the methylene group and the 4-methyl-phenyl ring.
    • The molecule exhibits twofold symmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • The title compound possesses a unique molecular architecture characterized by near-orthogonal aromatic rings.
    • The identified C-H⋯π interaction contributes to the specific crystal packing observed.
    • The twofold symmetry influences the overall arrangement of molecules in the solid state.