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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
5-Chloro-methyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole
Summary
The pyrazole ring in C(6)H(9)ClN(2) is nearly flat. Molecules form chains in the crystal structure through specific C-H⋯N interactions.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Chemical structure analysis
Background:
- Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
- Pyrazole derivatives are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and materials science.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the precise crystal structure of the title compound, C(6)H(9)ClN(2).
- To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to collect diffraction data.
- The crystal structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic software.
Main Results:
- The pyrazole ring within the C(6)H(9)ClN(2) molecule exhibits near planarity, with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.003 Å.
- Intermolecular interactions, specifically C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, link the molecules together.
- These interactions result in the formation of one-dimensional [100] chains within the crystal lattice.
Conclusions:
- The study provides detailed crystallographic data for C(6)H(9)ClN(2).
- The observed crystal packing is dictated by C-H⋯N interactions, leading to chain formation.
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Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
Alkyl Halides
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

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