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NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.

Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example

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Published on: November 18, 2015

4-Bromo-methyl-7,8-dimethyl-coumarin.

Ramakrishna Gowda, K V Arjuna Gowda, Mahantesha Basanagouda

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 19, 2011

Summary

This study details the molecular structure of C(12)H(11)BrO(2), revealing a nearly planar arrangement of non-hydrogen atoms. The bromine atom

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting chemical properties.
The specific compound C(12)H(11)BrO(2) has not been extensively studied in terms of its solid-state structure.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular geometry of C(12)H(11)BrO(2).
To investigate the intermolecular interactions stabilizing the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of atomic coordinates and bond parameters provided geometric insights.

Main Results:

The non-hydrogen atoms of C(12)H(11)BrO(2) were found to be nearly coplanar, with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.018 Å.

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The carbon-bromine bond was observed to be inclined at an angle of 80.17° to this plane.

Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary stabilizing forces in the crystal structure.

Conclusions:

The molecular structure of C(12)H(11)BrO(2) is characterized by a planar core and an out-of-plane C-Br bond.
The crystal packing is governed by specific intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.