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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
Published on: March 22, 2016
The first sequenced carnivore genome shows complex host-endogenous retrovirus relationships
Álvaro Martínez Barrio1, Marie Ekerljung, Patric Jern
1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
This study analyzed canine endogenous retroviruses (CfERVs) in a boxer genome, revealing their low abundance and unique integration patterns compared to human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Findings suggest distinct host-pathogen interactions and potential cross-species retroviral transmission.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
- Virology
Background:
- Host-retrovirus interactions are crucial for mammalian genome evolution.
- Canine endogenous retroviruses (CfERVs) are integrated genetic elements within the dog genome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the complexity and integration patterns of CfERVs in a Canis familiaris genome.
- To compare CfERV prevalence and characteristics with human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs).
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome analysis of a female boxer to identify and characterize CfERV proviruses.
- Comparative analysis of CfERV distribution and orientation relative to protein-coding genes.
- Assessment of potential retrotransposition activity and lateral transmission.
Main Results:
- Identified 407 CfERV proviruses, constituting only 0.15% of the dog genome, significantly less than HERVs in humans.
- Discovered a novel gammaretrovirus-like CfERV group with potential for active retrotransposition and possible lateral transmission between dogs and humans.
- Observed non-uniform CfERV distribution across chromosomes, with most integrated in antisense orientation near protein-coding genes, indicating selective pressure.
Conclusions:
- Mammals exhibit distinct mechanisms for managing endogenous retroviruses.
- The integration pattern of CfERVs suggests selection against sense-oriented insertions near genes.
- Evidence points to potential retroviral lateral transmissions between canids and humans over millennia.
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