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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration
11:13

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration

Published on: June 9, 2023

Breast cancer.

F Hartveit1

  • 1UNIV BERGEN,GADE INST,DEPT PATHOL,N-5020 BERGEN,NORWAY.

Oncology Reports
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a seasonal pattern in breast cancer's spread to axillary lymph nodes, impacting patient prognosis. Early-year surgeries showed more tumor cells in lymphatic vessels, indicating poorer outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Seasonal variations are documented in primary breast carcinoma.
  • Previous research has not reported seasonal variations in breast cancer metastasis to axillary lymph nodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a potential seasonal variation in the presence of tumor cells in the efferent lymphatic vessels (EV) of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.
  • To assess the prognostic implications of this seasonal variation.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective investigation of axillary lymph nodes from 301 node-positive breast cancer patients.
  • Assessment for the presence or absence of tumor cells in efferent lymphatic vessels (EV-status).
  • Statistical analysis (chi-squared test) to evaluate seasonal differences and prognostic impact.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration
11:13

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration

Published on: June 9, 2023

Main Results:

  • A significant seasonal variation in EV-status was observed: positive EV-status was more common in patients operated on in the first half of the year (P<0.0005).
  • Positive EV-status was confirmed as a poor prognostic indicator compared to EV-negative status (P<0.014).
  • The prognostic impact of EV-status was not influenced by the season of surgery.

Conclusions:

  • A previously unreported seasonal variation exists in breast cancer metastasis to axillary lymph nodes.
  • This seasonal pattern, alongside seasonal variation in micrometastasis arrival, may share a common underlying pathogenesis.
  • Understanding this variation could offer new insights into breast cancer progression and treatment strategies.