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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Lung microRNA Profiling Across the Estrous Cycle in Ozone-exposed Mice
Published on: January 7, 2019
Inflammatory markers: exhaled nitric oxide and carbon monoxide during the ovarian cycle
Adam Antczak1, Maciej Ciebiada, Sergei A Kharitonov
1Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego 22, 90-153 Łódź, Poland.
Abstract:
Nitric oxide (NO) production and carbon monoxide (CO) production are increased in inflammatory lung diseases. Although there are some pieces of evidence for hormonal modulation by estrogen, little is known about exhaled NO and CO during the ovarian cycle. In 23 subjects, we measured exhaled NO and CO by an online analyzer. Significantly higher levels of exhaled NO were found at the midcycle compared with those in the premenstrual period or during menstruation. Higher levels of CO were after ovulation and reached a peak in the premenstrual phase. The lowest levels of CO were observed in the first days of the estrogen phase. In males, there was no significant variation in exhaled NO and CO. Exhaled NO and CO levels vary during the ovarian cycle in women, and this fact should be taken into account during serial measurements of these markers in the female population.
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