Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship Program Directors Survey on a Standardized Fellowship Match Process: A Call for Action.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2021
Same author

American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology: 2021 Version.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2021
Same author

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Continuous EEG Utilization.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2021
Same author

Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Detection in EEG in Different Practice Settings.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2018
Same author

Randomized trial of lacosamide versus fosphenytoin for nonconvulsive seizures.

Annals of neurology·2018
Same author

Association of an Electroencephalography-Based Risk Score With Seizure Probability in Hospitalized Patients.

JAMA neurology·2017
Same journal

Isolated Cranial Tremors: A Reappraisal.

Seminars in neurology·2026
Same journal

Dystonia and Tremor.

Seminars in neurology·2026
Same journal

Pendular nystagmus and oculopalatal tremor.

Seminars in neurology·2026
Same journal

Sanjay Pandey, MBBS, MD, DNB, DM, FIAN, and Aasef Shaikh, MD, PhD.

Seminars in neurology·2026
Same journal

Tremor.

Seminars in neurology·2026
Same journal

Carotid Disease.

Seminars in neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

Seizures and encephalopathy.

Suzette M LaRoche1

  • 1Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. slaroch@emory.org

Seminars in Neurology
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seizures can cause encephalopathy, even without other illnesses. Differentiating seizure-induced encephalopathy from that caused by underlying conditions is challenging, requiring careful diagnosis and treatment.

More Related Videos

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Encephalopathy and seizures share a complex, often intertwined relationship.
  • Seizures can be a primary cause of encephalopathy, particularly in patients with epilepsy.
  • Distinguishing the cause of encephalopathy is difficult when acute neurologic or systemic conditions also increase seizure risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common and uncommon etiologies of seizures in patients presenting with encephalopathy.
  • To outline typical clinical presentations associated with seizures and encephalopathy.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on seizures and encephalopathy.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment outcomes.
  • Synthesis of information on both acute and chronic conditions contributing to seizures in encephalopathy.

Main Results:

  • Seizures can be the sole cause of encephalopathy, especially in epilepsy patients.
  • Acute neurologic conditions frequently cause encephalopathy and increase subclinical seizure risk.
  • Systemic diseases can also precipitate encephalopathy and seizures, though less commonly.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis requires differentiating between seizures, underlying disorders, or a combination thereof.
  • Recognizing subtle or subclinical seizures is crucial for effective management.
  • A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment is essential for patients with seizures and encephalopathy.