Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
14:48
Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis
Published on: May 8, 2021
Female urinary proteomics: New insight into exogenous and physiological hormone-dependent changes
Annalisa Castagna1, Oliviero Olivieri, Alberto Milli
1Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Italy.
Proteomics. Clinical Applications
|May 19, 2011
Summary
Urinary protein levels change during the menstrual cycle and with contraceptive use, revealing potential new markers. These findings may aid research into contraceptive targets and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Proteomics
- Endocrinology
Background:
- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is influenced by female sex hormones.
- Investigating urinary markers can provide insights into hormonal fluctuations and related physiological processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify urinary protein variations across different phases of the menstrual cycle.
- To explore changes in urinary proteome following contraceptive therapy.
- To investigate potential urinary protein markers linked to hormonal changes and RAAS components.
Main Methods:
- Proteomic analysis of urine samples from 33 healthy women.
- Samples collected during mid-cycle (G1), luteal phase (G2), and after 2 months of contraceptive therapy (G3).
- Techniques included SDS-PAGE, 2-D PAGE, Western blotting, and HPLC-MS/MS for protein identification.
Main Results:
- 115 differentially represented protein spots were identified across four comparisons (G1 vs. G2, G1 vs. G3, G2 vs. G3, and combined G1+G2 vs. G3).
- Immunoblotting experiments validated the data.
- Significant variations in urinary protein profiles were observed.
Conclusions:
- This study is the first to report variations in specific urinary proteins related to the menstrual cycle and contraceptive use.
- Newly identified urinary proteins may serve as potential biomarkers.
- These findings could advance research in contraceptive development and RAAS modulation.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract
The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
01:29Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
01:20Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution
The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
01:24Physiology of Urine Formation
Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
01:40Hormonal Regulation
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
01:33Hormonal Regulation
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.