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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Larger preoperative medial meniscus extrusion is associated with insufficient pain relief following pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears.

Journal of experimental orthopaedics·2026
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Medial meniscus posterior root tear with concomitant focal cartilage lesion may be successfully treated with pullout repair combined with additional bone marrow stimulation.

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Dynamic Positional Changes in the Popliteal Artery and Vastus Medialis and Lateralis Muscles During Knee Flexion and Extension: An Open MRI-Based Anatomical Study.

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Mid-Term Clinical Outcomes of Pullout Repair Combined with Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears with Focal Cartilage Defects: A Treatment-Stratified Cohort Study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
08:09

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

Inner meniscus cells maintain higher chondrogenic phenotype compared with outer meniscus cells.

Takayuki Furumatsu1, Tomoko Kanazawa, Yusuke Yokoyama

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. matino@md.okayama-u.ac.jp

Connective Tissue Research
|May 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Inner meniscus cells exhibit superior chondrogenic potential compared to outer meniscus cells, indicated by increased type II collagen and proteoglycan synthesis. This difference is crucial for maintaining specific meniscal tissue characteristics.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
08:09

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Meniscus cells display varied morphology and extracellular matrix production.
  • Inner meniscus cells are hypothesized to possess a more chondrocytic phenotype than outer meniscus cells.
  • Detailed characterization of meniscus cell chondrogenic potential is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the extracellular matrix deposition and chondrogenic potential of human inner versus outer meniscus-derived cells.
  • To elucidate the zone-specific differences in meniscus cell behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Monolayer culture of inner and outer meniscus cells to assess morphology.
  • Chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays.
  • Analysis of extracellular matrix components (type II collagen, proteoglycans) and gene expression (SOX9, Scleraxis, alpha1(II) collagen).

Main Results:

  • Inner meniscus cells adopted small, ovoid shapes, while outer meniscus cells were slender and fibroblastic.
  • Chondrogenic pellets from inner meniscus cells showed increased type II collagen and proteoglycan synthesis.
  • Adipogenic potential was similar in both cell types.
  • Chondrogenic treatment upregulated chondrogenic markers in inner meniscus cells, but not in outer meniscus cells (SOX9).

Conclusions:

  • Inner meniscus cells possess significantly higher chondrogenic potential than outer meniscus cells.
  • The distinct chondrogenic properties of inner and outer meniscus cells are vital for maintaining the meniscus's zonal structure.
  • Findings suggest potential implications for regenerative medicine and understanding meniscal degeneration.