Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where...
Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) in a Chinese mental health service seeking adolescent sample.

Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health·2022
Same author

Prevalence of pain flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder arising from exposure to multiple traumas or childhood traumatization.

Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur·2022
Same author

Why we need to integrate mental health into pandemic planning.

Perspectives in public health·2020
Same author

The International Trauma Questionnaire: development of a self-report measure of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2018
Same author

Validation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2017
Same author

Corrigendum to "The neural correlates of recollection and retrieval monitoring: Relationships with age and recollection performance" [NeuroImage 138 (2016) 164-175].

NeuroImage·2017
Same journal

Predictors of Conversion from Major Depressive Disorder to Bipolar Disorder: A Population-Based PADRIS-PRESTO Cohort Study in Catalonia.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same journal

Precision medicine in mental health: applications, challenges, and recommendations - CORRIGENDUM.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same journal

Real-world effectiveness and safety of intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: data from the enTRD registry.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same journal

Trajectory of response to esketamine nasal spray for treatment resistant depression: findings from ESCAPE-TRD.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same journal

Identification of distinct clinical phenotypes and their neurobiological signatures in stress-exposed individuals: A multimodal machine learning approach.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same journal

The interplay among narcissistic vulnerability, interpersonal sensitivity, and metacognitive integration: A network analysis approach.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Association between flashbacks and structural brain abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder.

M C W Kroes1, M G Whalley, M D Rugg

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
|May 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain volume reductions in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are linked to specific symptoms, not overall severity. Flashbacks correlate with decreased volume in the insula and temporal gyrus.

More Related Videos

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with reduced brain volumes, particularly in areas overlapping with depression.
  • Previous research often compares PTSD patients to healthy controls, limiting understanding of symptom-specific neurobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between specific PTSD symptoms and brain volumes within a PTSD patient sample.
  • To determine if overall PTSD severity or individual symptom reporting correlates with regional brain volume differences.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI scans were acquired from 28 individuals diagnosed with PTSD.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (Dartel algorithm in SPM5) analyzed volumetric changes.
  • Participants completed the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale to assess individual symptom severity.

Main Results:

  • Overall PTSD severity did not correlate with brain volume.
  • Higher reexperiencing symptom scores predicted reduced volumes in the middle temporal and inferior occipital cortices.
  • Increased reporting of flashbacks was associated with reduced volume in the insula/parietal operculum and inferior temporal gyrus.

Conclusions:

  • Analyzing symptom-level data within patient populations offers valuable insights beyond group comparisons.
  • Specific brain regions, including the ventral visual stream, may be neurobiologically implicated in the experience of flashbacks.