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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles

Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles

Published on: December 9, 2022

Stem cell quiescence.

Ling Li¹, Ravi Bhatia

¹Authors' Affiliation: Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

|May 20, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding stem cell quiescence is key to targeting drug-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Research reveals molecular mechanisms for developing new therapies against quiescent CSCs.

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A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: May 17, 2021

Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Cancer Biology
Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

Adult stem cells maintain a quiescent state crucial for self-renewal and resistance to therapies.
Quiescence in cancer stem cells (CSCs) contributes significantly to treatment resistance.
Limited understanding of quiescence mechanisms hinders the development of targeted therapies for CSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating normal stem cell quiescence.
To explore the significance of quiescence in CSCs and its role in drug resistance.
To discuss potential clinical applications of targeting quiescent CSCs.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on stem cell quiescence.
Analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory mechanisms of quiescence.
Examination of the role of specific genes, transcription factors, and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

The p53 gene is critical for regulating stem cell quiescence.
Intrinsic regulators include FoxO, HIF-1α, NFATc1, ATM, and mTOR signaling.
Extrinsic regulators involve microenvironmental factors like angiopoietin-1, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Conclusions:

Advances in understanding stem cell quiescence offer new avenues for targeting drug-resistant CSCs.
Targeting molecular mechanisms of quiescence holds promise for developing novel cancer therapies.
Further research into quiescence is critical for overcoming therapeutic challenges in oncology.