Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Electronic correlations and flattened band in magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate Co<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>.

Nature communications·2020

Same author

The "Salmon Spirit" of translational medical research.

Annals of translational medicine·2020

Same author

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.

Annals of translational medicine·2020

Same author

Preventive and therapeutic effectiveness of Sanfu acupoint herbal patching for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stages: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan·2020

Same author

Microenvironment-Controlled Micropatterned Microfluidic Model (MMMM) for Biomimetic <i>In Situ</i> Studies.

ACS nano·2020

Same author

Clinical diagnosis and treatment of throat foreign bodies under video laryngoscopy.

The Journal of international medical research·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Regulatory T cells: customizing for the clinic.

Xuehao Wang¹, Ling Lu, Shuiping Jiang

¹Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. wangxh@njmu.edu.cn

Science Translational Medicine

|May 20, 2011

Summary

Generating regulatory T (Treg) cells ex vivo is crucial for cellular immunotherapy. New protocols and mouse model studies show Treg cells can be expanded and used therapeutically for autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Therapy
Translational Medicine

Background:

Immune-suppressive cellular immunotherapy relies on a sufficient supply of antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells.
Treg cells are critical lymphocytes that modulate and suppress immune responses.
Current limitations exist in the efficient expansion and clinical application of human Treg cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe protocols for the ex vivo expansion of human Treg cells.
To assess the immune-suppressive function of ex vivo-manipulated Treg cells in humanized mouse models.
To provide a foundation for the clinical use of Treg cells in treating immune-related disorders.

Main Methods:

Development and validation of protocols for ex vivo expansion of human Treg cells.
In vivo assessment of immune-suppressive function in humanized mouse models of disease.
Integration of new data with existing phase I clinical trial results.

Main Results:

Successful protocols for ex vivo expansion of human Treg cells were established.
Ex vivo-manipulated Treg cells demonstrated immune-suppressive function in humanized mouse models.
Combined data support the potential of Treg cell therapy.

Conclusions:

Ex vivo expansion protocols provide a platform for generating therapeutic Treg cells.
Treg cells show promise as personalized agents for autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and transplant rejection.
Further clinical translation is supported by these advancements in Treg cell manufacturing and functional assessment.