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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
11:38

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

Radiation-induced heart disease.

M Tritto, P Calabrese

    Oncology Reports
    |May 20, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mediastinal irradiation, used to treat various cancers, can cause severe heart problems later in life. This review details the causes, effects, and symptoms of radiation-related heart disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Cardiology
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Advancements in radiation therapy have increased survival rates for cancer patients.
    • Mediastinal irradiation is now widely used for treating various neoplasms.
    • High-dose mediastinal irradiation is linked to delayed, severe cardiovascular complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the existing literature on radiation-related heart disease.
    • To explore the pathogenesis, pathology, prevalence, and clinical manifestations of this condition.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
    • Analysis of data on the adverse effects of mediastinal irradiation on the heart.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
    11:38

    Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

    Published on: July 3, 2014

    • Radiation-induced heart disease is a significant delayed complication.
    • The review synthesizes information on how radiation damages the heart.
    • Data on the occurrence and presentation of radiation-related heart disease is compiled.

    Conclusions:

    • Mediastinal irradiation, despite its benefits, poses a risk of serious cardiovascular sequelae.
    • Understanding the mechanisms and clinical impact of radiation-related heart disease is crucial for patient management.
    • Further research and monitoring are needed to mitigate cardiac risks in cancer survivors.