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Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Published on: February 8, 2015

A common path to tumor growth.

J Bartek¹, J Lukas, M Strauss

¹DANISH CANC SOC,DIV CANC BIOL,DEPT CELL CYCLE & CANC,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN O,DENMARK. HUMBOLDT UNIV,MAX PLANCK SOC,MAX DELBRUCK CTR MOLEC MED,D-13122 BUCH,GERMANY.

Oncology Reports

|May 20, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The retinoblastoma (pRb) protein pathway regulates the cell cycle

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

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Published on: February 8, 2015

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

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Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Biology

Background:

Cell cycle progression from quiescence requires passing the G1 restriction point.
The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (pRb) pathway is implicated in regulating this restriction point.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize evidence identifying the pRb regulatory cascade as the key controller of the G1 restriction point.
To explore the role of pRb pathway deregulation in tumor development.

Main Methods:

Review and synthesis of existing evidence on cell cycle regulation.
Analysis of data from tumor cell biology concerning pathway deregulation.

Main Results:

The pRb pathway, involving pRb, cyclin D, cdk4/6, and p16 inhibitors, regulates the restriction point.
D-type cyclins best fit the criteria for the restriction point regulator.
Tumorigenesis involves deregulation of this pathway through loss of tumor suppressors or hyperactivity of oncogenes.

Conclusions:

Deregulation of the pRb pathway is a critical event in tumor development, occurring either early or during progression.
This deregulation is essential for uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.