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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place, the Gibbs energy change must be...
Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
05:34

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods

Published on: June 6, 2025

Chemical Entity Semantic Specification: Knowledge representation for efficient semantic cheminformatics and facile

Leonid L Chepelev1, Michel Dumontier

  • 1Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. leonid.chepelev@gmail.com.

Journal of Cheminformatics
|May 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemistry data integration is challenging due to incompatible formats. The Chemical Entity Semantic Specification (CHESS) uses Semantic Web technologies to unify chemical information, enabling cross-domain knowledge sharing and supporting systems science research.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
05:34

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Cheminformatics
  • Semantic Web Technologies

Background:

  • Chemistry's pervasive influence across diverse fields has led to incompatible data formats.
  • Existing efforts to unify chemical information representation face persistent disparities.
  • These disparities hinder cross-domain, interdisciplinary research and knowledge integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To specify and implement the Chemical Entity Semantic Specification (CHESS).
  • To leverage Semantic Web technologies for representing chemical entities and reactions.
  • To enable efficient integration of disparate chemical data sources.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Chemical Entity Semantic Specification (CHESS) using Semantic Web technologies.
  • Implemented CHESS for representing polyatomic chemical entities, substructures, bonds, atoms, and reactions.
  • Incorporated mechanisms for capturing chemical descriptors, connectivity, functional composition, geometric structure, and data provenance.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient integration of multiple disparate chemical data sources with CHESS.
  • Showcased the ability to retain appropriate correspondence of chemical descriptors.
  • Evaluated the impact of representational decisions on knowledgebase searching and reaction candidate selection.

Conclusions:

  • CHESS facilitates cross-domain chemical knowledge integration with preserved data correspondence and provenance.
  • The RDF specification of CHESS ensures flexibility for domain-specific annotations.
  • A consistent, semantically-enabled chemical specification is crucial for managing chemical data and supporting systems science.