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Laboratory selection for an accelerated mosquito sexual development rate.

Clelia F Oliva1, Mark Q Benedict, Guy Lempérière

  • 1Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. C.Oliva@iaea.org

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Summary

Laboratory Anopheles arabiensis males mature sexually much faster than wild populations, impacting mosquito control strategies. Early adult sex separation fails to ensure female virginity due to accelerated sexual maturity in lab-reared mosquitoes.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Genetics
  • Insectary Science

Background:

  • Separating adult Anopheles arabiensis by sex failed to guarantee female virginity in a lab colony, unlike previous findings.
  • Sexual maturation in anopheline mosquitoes typically requires 24 hours post-emergence for successful mating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate accelerated sexual maturity in a laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis colony.
  • Determine the impact of laboratory colonization on mosquito sexual maturation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Compared virginity rates of females separated as pupae versus <16h adults, mated with irradiated males.
  • Assessed male genitalia rotation rates in lab-reared vs. wild Anopheles arabiensis.
  • Performed spermatheca dissections to confirm female insemination status.

Main Results:

  • Females separated <16h post-emergence, when mated with sterilized males, did not achieve expected sterility.
  • Separating sexes at the pupal stage ensured female virginity.
  • Laboratory-reared males showed significantly accelerated genitalia rotation (42% at 11h) compared to wild males.

Conclusions:

  • Over 100 generations in the lab accelerated sexual maturation in Anopheles arabiensis.
  • Selection pressures during colonization can alter insect reproductive timing.
  • Non-overlapping generations and male competition in lab colonies drive rapid sexual maturation.