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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

"Competence" progress.

David F Stern1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. df.stern@yale.edu

Molecular Cell
|May 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two epidermal growth factor (EGF) pulses control cell cycle commitment. The first pulse initiates lipid synthesis and establishes a p53-mediated inhibitory latch, while the second releases this latch via ERK and EGR1 to advance cell cycle progression.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular signaling
  • Cell cycle regulation

Background:

  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling is crucial for cellular processes, including cell cycle progression.
  • Understanding the precise molecular events triggered by EGF is key to deciphering cell fate decisions.

Discussion:

  • The study elucidates a two-step mechanism by which EGF pulses regulate cell cycle entry.
  • The interplay between lipid biosynthesis, p53-mediated inhibition, and the ERK/EGR1 pathway is highlighted.

Key Insights:

  • The first EGF pulse induces lipid biosynthesis and a p53-dependent inhibitory 'latch' on cell cycle progression.
  • The second EGF pulse activates the ERK/EGR1 pathway, which releases the inhibitory latch, promoting passage through the restriction point.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the precise molecular targets of the EGF-induced lipid biosynthesis pathway.
  • Exploring the therapeutic potential of modulating this two-step signaling in diseases characterized by aberrant cell proliferation.