[Pregnancy in chronic hemodialysis patients]

Pregnancy in hemodialysis patients is a rare event, with a high risk of maternal and fetal morbidity. The aim of our study is to report our experience in management of pregnancies occurred in hemodialysis patients, and clarify the factors of good prognosis.

We identified all pregnancies occurred in patients on hemodialysis between January 2000 and July 2010, and analysed their clinical and biological characteristics. The adjustment parameters of hemodialysis sessions, and treatment adjustments have been specified. The maternal and fetal complications and pregnancy outcome have been reported.

Over a period of 10 years and 6 months, among 23 patients of childbearing age, 14 patients were married. We observed 11 pregnancies in eight patients, with an incidence of 7,14% year, and a prevalence of 71,4%. The evolution was marked by intrauterine fetal death in one case, medical pregnancy termination in a second one and four spontaneous abortions. Only five pregnancies were completed. The average age of conception was 34 years. The average duration of dialysis prior to conception was 76 months. Pregnancy diagnosis was made on average after 10,4 weeks. The mean gestational age at delivery was 33,6 weeks, and the mean newborn weight was 2070g. Apgar score was of 10/10 in the first minute in all newborns. No maternal complication was found. One case of intrauterine growth restriction and another case of pyelo-caliceal dilatation with resolving renal insufficiency were reported. In the long term, the fetal psychomotor development was normal.

The fertility chronic hemodialysis patients in childbearing age have improved together with the quality of dialysis, with an increased incidence of pregnancy and the proportion of viable children. However, treatment modalities are not clearly established, because of the absence of randomized studies and the small number of pregnancies during the playoffs. Treatment of anemia with erythropoietin and blood transfusions, and the improvement in blood urea by extensive dialysis in women on hemodialysis, may improve outcomes by reducing the incidence of prematurity and increasing gestational age.

Pregnancy in hemodilalysis patient is a rare event, but desired and valuable. Its completion requires a multidisciplinary management involving the nephrologist to ensure adequate dialysis and the gynecologist to ensure good obstetrical monitoring.