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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Taut internal limiting membrane causing diffuse diabetic macular edema after vitrectomy: clinicopathological

Ronald C Gentile1, Tatyana Milman, Dean Eliott

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA. rgentile@nyee.edu

Ophthalmologica. Journal International D'Ophtalmologie. International Journal of Ophthalmology. Zeitschrift Fur Augenheilkunde
|May 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A taut internal limiting membrane (ILM) can cause persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after vitrectomy. Surgical removal of the taut ILM effectively resolved DME and improved vision in two patients.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Surgery
  • Diabetic Retinopathy Research

Background:

  • Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common complication of diabetes, often treated with vitrectomy.
  • Persistent or recurrent DME after vitrectomy can be challenging to manage.
  • The role of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in post-vitrectomy DME is not fully understood.

Observation:

  • Two patients presented with diffuse DME unresponsive to standard treatments following diabetic vitrectomy.
  • Clinical examination revealed a taut ILM overlying the fovea in both cases.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed persistent macular edema.

Findings:

  • Surgical removal of the taut ILM led to rapid and sustained resolution of DME.
  • Visual acuity significantly improved after ILM excision.
  • Histopathological analysis of the excised ILM showed contractile cells (cytokeratin- and/or GFAP-positive) with smooth muscle actin, suggesting a myofibroblastic phenotype.

Implications:

  • A taut ILM, potentially caused by contractile cells, can induce tangential traction leading to diffuse DME after vitrectomy.
  • ILM peeling is a viable surgical option for managing refractory DME post-vitrectomy.
  • Understanding the cellular mechanisms of ILM contraction is crucial for developing targeted therapies for DME.