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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
Published on: August 23, 2017
Kinetics of the reversible reaction of CO2(aq) with ammonia in aqueous solution
Xiaoguang Wang1, William Conway, Debra Fernandes
1Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
Abstract:
The kinetics of the interactions of aqueous ammonia with aqueous carbon dioxide/carbonate species has been investigated using stopped-flow techniques by monitoring the pH changes via indicators. The reactions include the reversible formation of ammonium carbamate/carbamic acid. A complete reaction mechanism has been established, and the temperature dependence of all rate and equilibrium constants including the protonation constant of the amine between 15 and 45 °C are reported and analyzed in terms of Arrhenius, Eyring, and van't Hoff relationships.
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