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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

Functional neuro-ophthalmology.

Neil R Miller1

  • 1Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. nrmiller@jhmi.edu

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details functional ocular symptoms, which lack organic causes. It outlines diagnostic methods and physician approaches for these nonorganic visual conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Patients with unexplained physical symptoms often receive diverse diagnostic labels.
  • Functional ocular symptoms present a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of clear organic pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe common and uncommon functional ocular symptoms and signs.
  • To outline methods for determining the nonorganic nature of ocular manifestations.
  • To guide physicians in managing patients with functional ocular disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional ocular symptoms and signs.
  • Description of diagnostic techniques, including simple clinical methods and ancillary electrophysiological testing.
  • Discussion of physician management strategies for functional ocular disease.

Main Results:

  • Functional ocular symptoms encompass visual loss, visual field defects, ocular motor dysfunction, pupillary abnormalities, and eyelid disorders.
  • Diagnosis can often be established using simple in-clinic tests.
  • Electrophysiological testing may be required for complex cases.

Conclusions:

  • Functional ocular disorders are a recognized clinical entity requiring specific diagnostic approaches.
  • Accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management are crucial.
  • Understanding these nonorganic conditions improves patient care and diagnostic accuracy.